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entropy    音标拼音: ['ɛntrəpi]
n. 熵



entropy
烟; 熵

entropy


entropy
n 1: (communication theory) a numerical measure of the
uncertainty of an outcome; "the signal contained thousands
of bits of information" [synonym: {information}, {selective
information}, {entropy}]
2: (thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the
amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for
doing mechanical work; "entropy increases as matter and
energy in the universe degrade to an ultimate state of inert
uniformity" [synonym: {randomness}, {entropy}, {S}]

Entropy \En"tro*py\, n. [Gr. ? a turning in; ? in ? a turn,
fr. ? to turn.] (Thermodynamics)
A certain property of a body, expressed as a measurable
quantity, such that when there is no communication of heat
the quantity remains constant, but when heat enters or leaves
the body the quantity increases or diminishes. If a small
amount, h, of heat enters the body when its temperature is t
in the thermodynamic scale the entropy of the body is
increased by h / t. The entropy is regarded as measured from
some standard temperature and pressure. Sometimes called the
{thermodynamic function}.
[1913 Webster]

The entropy of the universe tends towards a maximum.
--Clausius.
[1913 Webster]


Heat \Heat\ (h[=e]t), n. [OE. hete, h[ae]te, AS. h[=ae]tu,
h[=ae]to, fr. h[=a]t hot; akin to OHG. heizi heat, Dan. hede,
Sw. hetta. See {Hot}.]
1. A force in nature which is recognized in various effects,
but especially in the phenomena of fusion and evaporation,
and which, as manifested in fire, the sun's rays,
mechanical action, chemical combination, etc., becomes
directly known to us through the sense of feeling. In its
nature heat is a mode of motion, being in general a form
of molecular disturbance or vibration. It was formerly
supposed to be a subtile, imponderable fluid, to which was
given the name {caloric}.
[1913 Webster]

Note: As affecting the human body, heat produces different
sensations, which are called by different names, as
heat or sensible heat, warmth, cold, etc., according to
its degree or amount relatively to the normal
temperature of the body.
[1913 Webster]

2. The sensation caused by the force or influence of heat
when excessive, or above that which is normal to the human
body; the bodily feeling experienced on exposure to fire,
the sun's rays, etc.; the reverse of {cold}.
[1913 Webster]

3. High temperature, as distinguished from low temperature,
or cold; as, the heat of summer and the cold of winter;
heat of the skin or body in fever, etc.
[1913 Webster]

Else how had the world . . .
Avoided pinching cold and scorching heat! --Milton.
[1913 Webster]

4. Indication of high temperature; appearance, condition, or
color of a body, as indicating its temperature; redness;
high color; flush; degree of temperature to which
something is heated, as indicated by appearance,
condition, or otherwise.
[1913 Webster]

It has raised . . . heats in their faces. --Addison.
[1913 Webster]

The heats smiths take of their iron are a blood-red
heat, a white-flame heat, and a sparkling or welding
heat. --Moxon.
[1913 Webster]

5. A single complete operation of heating, as at a forge or
in a furnace; as, to make a horseshoe in a certain number
of heats.
[1913 Webster]

6. A violent action unintermitted; a single effort; a single
course in a race that consists of two or more courses; as,
he won two heats out of three.
[1913 Webster]

Many causes . . . for refreshment betwixt the heats.
--Dryden.
[1913 Webster]

[He] struck off at one heat the matchless tale of
"Tam o' Shanter." --J. C.
Shairp.
[1913 Webster]

7. Utmost violence; rage; vehemence; as, the heat of battle
or party. "The heat of their division." --Shak.
[1913 Webster]

8. Agitation of mind; inflammation or excitement;
exasperation. "The heat and hurry of his rage." --South.
[1913 Webster]

9. Animation, as in discourse; ardor; fervency; as, in the
heat of argument.
[1913 Webster]

With all the strength and heat of eloquence.
--Addison.
[1913 Webster]

10. (Zool.) Sexual excitement in animals; readiness for
sexual activity; estrus or rut.
[1913 Webster PJC]

11. Fermentation.
[1913 Webster]

12. Strong psychological pressure, as in a police
investigation; as, when they turned up the heat, he took
it on the lam. [slang]
[PJC]

{Animal heat}, {Blood heat}, {Capacity for heat}, etc. See
under {Animal}, {Blood}, etc.

{Atomic heat} (Chem.), the product obtained by multiplying
the atomic weight of any element by its specific heat. The
atomic heat of all solid elements is nearly a constant,
the mean value being 6.4.

{Dynamical theory of heat}, that theory of heat which assumes
it to be, not a peculiar kind of matter, but a peculiar
motion of the ultimate particles of matter.

{Heat engine}, any apparatus by which a heated substance, as
a heated fluid, is made to perform work by giving motion
to mechanism, as a hot-air engine, or a steam engine.

{Heat producers}. (Physiol.) See under {Food}.

{Heat rays}, a term formerly applied to the rays near the red
end of the spectrum, whether within or beyond the visible
spectrum.

{Heat weight} (Mech.), the product of any quantity of heat by
the mechanical equivalent of heat divided by the absolute
temperature; -- called also {thermodynamic function}, and
{entropy}.

{Mechanical equivalent of heat}. See under {Equivalent}.

{Specific heat of a substance (at any temperature)}, the
number of units of heat required to raise the temperature
of a unit mass of the substance at that temperature one
degree.

{Unit of heat}, the quantity of heat required to raise, by
one degree, the temperature of a unit mass of water,
initially at a certain standard temperature. The
temperature usually employed is that of 0[deg] Centigrade,
or 32[deg] Fahrenheit.
[1913 Webster]

107 Moby Thesaurus words for "entropy":
EDP, abeyance, aloofness, amorphia, amorphism, amorphousness,
anarchy, apathy, bit, blurriness, catalepsy, catatonia, channel,
chaos, communication explosion, communication theory, confusion,
data retrieval, data storage, deadliness, deathliness, decoding,
derangement, diffusion, disarrangement, disarray, disarticulation,
discomfiture, discomposure, disconcertedness, discontinuity,
discreteness, disharmony, dishevelment, disintegration,
disjunction, dislocation, disorder, disorderliness,
disorganization, dispersal, dispersion, disproportion, disruption,
dissolution, disturbance, dormancy, electronic data processing,
encoding, formlessness, fuzziness, haphazardness, haziness,
incoherence, inconsistency, indecisiveness, indefiniteness,
indeterminateness, indifference, indiscriminateness, indolence,
inertia, inertness, information explosion, information theory,
inharmonious harmony, irregularity, languor, latency, lotus-eating,
messiness, mistiness, most admired disorder, noise, nonadhesion,
noncohesion, nonsymmetry, nonuniformity, obscurity, orderlessness,
passiveness, passivity, perturbation, promiscuity, promiscuousness,
randomness, redundancy, scattering, separateness, shapelessness,
signal, stagnancy, stagnation, stasis, suspense, torpor,
turbulence, unadherence, unadhesiveness, unclearness, unsymmetry,
untenacity, ununiformity, upset, vagueness, vegetation,
vis inertiae

A measure of the disorder of a system. Systems tend
to go from a state of order (low entropy) to a state of
maximum disorder (high entropy).

The entropy of a system is related to the amount of
{information} it contains. A highly ordered system can be
described using fewer {bits} of information than a disordered
one. For example, a string containing one million "0"s can be
described using {run-length encoding} as [("0", 1000000)]
whereas a string of random symbols (e.g. bits, or characters)
will be much harder, if not impossible, to compress in this
way.

{Shannon}'s formula gives the entropy H(M) of a message M in
bits:

H(M) = -log2 p(M)

Where p(M) is the probability of message M.

(1998-11-23)


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  • Entropy - Wikipedia
    "High" entropy means that energy is more disordered or dispersed, while "low" entropy means that energy is more ordered or concentrated A consequence of the second law of thermodynamics is that certain processes are irreversible
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  • Entropy | An Open Access Journal from MDPI
    Entropy is an international and interdisciplinary peer-reviewed open access journal of entropy and information studies, published monthly online by MDPI
  • 熵(是一个描述系统热力学状态的函数)_百度百科
    熵(Entropy;Entropie)起初是一个 热力学函数,后发展为系统混乱程度的量度,是一个描述系统热力学状态的函数。
  • 机器学习中的熵(Entropy)是什么? - CSDN博客
    在机器学习和信息理论中, 熵(Entropy)是衡量不确定性和信息量的一个重要概念。 熵最初由信息论的奠基人克劳德·香农(Claude Shannon)在1948年提出,用来衡量信息源的信息不确定性。
  • Entropy_影响因子 (IF)_中科院分区_SCI期刊投稿经验_爱科学
    Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300), an international and interdisciplinary journal of entropy and information studies, publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes
  • Entropy | Definition Equation | Britannica
    Entropy, the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work Because work is obtained from ordered molecular motion, entropy is also a measure of the molecular disorder, or randomness, of a system
  • ENTROPY中文 (简体)翻译:剑桥词典 - Cambridge Dictionary
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  • What Is Entropy? Definition and Examples
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  • Entropy — The execution runtime for AI-native teams
    Entropy is the runtime layer for AI-native software organizations We synchronize humans, agents, repositories, and execution workflows into a continuously adaptive coordination system When agents outpace coordination, organizations fracture into a thousand parallel local maxima





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