cybernetics
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cybernetics n 1 : (
biology )
the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (
especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems )
49 Moby Thesaurus words for "
cybernetics ":
aerobiology ,
agrobiology ,
anatomy ,
astrobiology ,
automatic electronics ,
autonetics ,
bacteriology ,
biochemics ,
biochemistry ,
biochemy ,
bioecology ,
biological science ,
biology ,
biometrics ,
biometry ,
bionics ,
bionomics ,
biophysics ,
botany ,
cell physiology ,
circuit analysis ,
communication theory ,
cryobiology ,
cytology ,
ecology ,
electrobiology ,
embryology ,
enzymology ,
ethnobiology ,
exobiology ,
genetics ,
gnotobiotics ,
information theory ,
life science ,
microbiology ,
molecular biology ,
pharmacology ,
physiology ,
radio control ,
radiobiology ,
servo engineering ,
servomechanics ,
system engineering ,
systems analysis ,
systems planning ,
taxonomy ,
virology ,
xenobiology ,
zoology /si :`b *-net 'iks / The study of control and
communication in living and man -made systems .
The term was first proposed by {Norbert Wiener } in the book
referenced below . Originally , cybernetics drew upon
electrical engineering , mathematics , biology , neurophysiology ,
anthropology , and psychology to study and describe actions ,
feedback , and response in systems of all kinds . It aims to
understand the similarities and differences in internal
workings of organic and machine processes and , by formulating
abstract concepts common to all systems , to understand their
behaviour .
Modern "second -order cybernetics " places emphasis on how the
process of constructing models of the systems is influenced by
those very systems , hence an elegant definition - "applied
epistemology ".
Related recent developments (often referred to as {sciences of
complexity }) that are distinguished as separate disciplines
are {artificial intelligence }, {neural networks }, {systems
theory }, and {chaos theory }, but the boundaries between those
and cybernetics proper are not precise .
See also {robot }.
The Cybernetics Society (http ://cybsoc .org )} of the UK .
American Society for Cybernetics
http ://asc -cybernetics .org /)}.
IEEE Systems , Man and Cybernetics Society
http ://isye .gatech .edu /ieee -smc /)}.
International project "Principia Cybernetica "
http ://pespmc1 .vub .ac .be /DEFAULT .html )}.
Usenet } newsgroup : {sci .systems (news :sci .systems )}.
Cybernetics , or control and communication in the animal and the
machine ", N . Wiener , New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1948]
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